Relating to, affected by, or resembling croup; characterized by the symptoms or nature of croup.
From croup (respiratory disease) + -ous (adjective suffix). This is an older or more technical medical adjective form, less common than 'croupy' in modern usage.
Medical terminology sometimes has multiple adjective forms—'croupy' and 'croupous' both exist, but 'croupy' won the popularity contest and made 'croupous' obsolete!
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