Growing or maintaining living organisms (like bacteria or cells) in a controlled laboratory environment, or developing and refining cultural practices or knowledge.
From culture + -ing (present participle). The term for the biological process emerged in the 1800s with advances in microbiology.
Culturing cells in labs led to some of the biggest medical breakthroughs—like vaccines and cancer treatments—because scientists could study how cells behave in controlled conditions without experimenting on humans.
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