To remove minerals or mineral content from something, such as water, bone, or soil.
From prefix 'de-' (remove) + 'mineralize' (to convert into or impregnate with minerals). The verb 'mineralize' came from French 'minéral' in the 16th century. Scientists coined 'demineralize' in the 19th century for industrial and medical applications.
Distilled water is literally demineralized water—all the salts and minerals have been boiled away, which is why it tastes flat and why your body actually needs minerals to survive, not just pure H₂O.
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