A person or device that derates; something that reduces the power or capacity rating of equipment.
From 'derate' + the suffix '-er' (meaning 'one who does' or 'that which causes'). Forms an agent noun from the verb 'derate.'
In engineering circles, a 'derater' might be a circuit board that automatically reduces engine power during overheating—it's an invisible safety device working constantly to keep machines alive.
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