The process or action of reducing the power or capacity of equipment; or the present participle of derate.
From 'derate' + the suffix '-ing.' This creates both a gerund (noun form) describing the process, and the present participle used in continuous tenses.
Power companies constantly use 'derating' in summer—they reduce how much power older transmission lines can carry when it gets too hot, preventing catastrophic failures that could black out whole cities.
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