A city in Northern Ireland, also known as Londonderry. The name can also refer to a small valley or glen in Irish topography.
From Irish Gaelic 'Daire' meaning 'oak grove' or 'oak wood,' derived from 'dair' (oak tree). The city was originally called Daire Calgaich (Calgach's oak grove) after a chieftain. The 'London' prefix was added in 1613 when the city was granted to London guilds.
The name Derry beautifully illustrates how place names preserve ancient landscapes in language - what is now a major city was once simply known for its oak trees. The dual naming (Derry/Londonderry) reflects the complex political and cultural history of Ireland, making it one of the most politically charged place names in the British Isles.
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