To break up or separate a collection of things into individual parts or smaller groups.
From dis- (reversing) + aggregate (from Latin aggregare, to add to a group). The term became common in statistics, data analysis, and social sciences during the 20th century to describe breaking down combined data.
When politicians say 'we need to disaggregate the data,' they mean stop lumping all groups together and actually look at what different populations experience—it's a powerful analytical move because aggregation can hide important patterns.
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