Having strong self-control and the ability to stick to rules or goals, or punished for breaking rules.
From Latin 'disciplina' (teaching, learning, order), connected to 'disciple' (a student). The meaning evolved from 'instruction' to 'self-control' to 'punishment' over centuries.
Brain scans show that disciplined people have stronger connections between their prefrontal cortex and limbic system—literally, they have better wiring to resist temptation than impulsive people.
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