The process or result of something becoming discoloured or losing its natural color permanently.
Combines discolour + -ization suffix (from French -isation), a noun-forming suffix that denotes the process of becoming something or causing something to become that state.
The -ization suffix is incredibly productive in English — it can turn almost any adjective into a noun describing the process, which is why scientists and doctors love using words ending in -ization to describe complex processes like 'discolourization' of teeth.
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