The process of dividing an area into districts, especially for the purpose of voting or political representation.
From district plus -ing. This became a prominent term in American English particularly in the 20th century as voting districts were formally established and periodically redrawn.
Districting is literally about who gets power—when people redraw voting district lines after a census, they can either make elections fair or rig them so dramatically that voters can't actually change outcomes, a practice called gerrymandering.
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