The movement of liquid through a membrane or porous material when an electric field is applied, used in water purification and chemical separation.
From 'electro-' (electricity) combined with 'osmosis' (from Greek osmos, pushing/driving). The phenomenon was discovered in the late 19th century and became important for industrial processes in the 20th century.
Electroosmosis is like giving water molecules an electric kick to push them through barriers they wouldn't normally pass through easily—it's now used to clean contaminated soil and extract unwanted substances from liquids.
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