The movement of liquid through a porous membrane or gel in response to an applied electrical field.
From electro- + osmosis (movement of liquid through a membrane, from Greek osmos 'push' or 'thrust'). Discovered in the 19th century during electrochemistry research.
Electrosmosis was a surprising discovery—scientists found that electricity could make water flow through barriers, which led to practical applications like purifying groundwater and even removing heavy metals from contaminated soil without chemicals.
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