Inflammation of the brain tissue, most commonly caused by viral infections, resulting in symptoms like fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and altered mental status. It can be life-threatening and may cause permanent neurological damage.
From Greek 'enkephalos' meaning 'brain' (literally 'in the head') and '-itis' meaning 'inflammation.' The term was introduced in medical literature during the 19th century as understanding of brain pathology advanced.
Herpes simplex encephalitis preferentially attacks the temporal lobes, which control memory and personality, so patients might not recognize their own family members or exhibit completely changed behavior. Early antiviral treatment can mean the difference between full recovery and permanent brain damage.
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