To catch or trap someone in a storm or tempest; to throw into confusion or turmoil.
From Old French 'entempester', combining the prefix 'en-' (to put into) with 'tempeste' (storm), ultimately from Latin 'tempestas' meaning weather or season. The word dates to Middle English usage.
This is a beautifully archaic verb that conjures Shakespeare-era drama—the idea that a storm could literally 'put someone into tempest' rather than just getting them wet shows how medieval people saw nature as an active force.
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