Relating to changes in gene expression that don't involve alterations to the DNA sequence itself, often influenced by environmental factors like stress or trauma. These changes can sometimes be passed to offspring.
Coined in 1942 by biologist Conrad Waddington, from Greek 'epi' meaning above or upon, and 'genetic' from Greek 'genesis' meaning origin. The field exploded in the 21st century with discoveries about how environment influences gene expression.
Epigenetic research has revolutionized our understanding of nature versus nurture - it turns out they're not separate at all, but constantly interacting. Trauma can literally change which genes are turned on or off, and these changes can be passed to children, making healing a gift to future generations.
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