Frameworks or trellises used to train plants to grow flat, or the trained plants themselves arranged against a wall or frame.
Plural of espalier. From French espalier, derived from Italian spalliera (something to lean against, from spalla meaning shoulder). Originally referred to the framework, now refers to both structure and result.
French royal gardens were famous for their elaborate espaliers—they turned productive fruit trees into decorative walls that could feed the palace while making it look like botanical sculpture!
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