The act of watching or guarding attentively; careful and continuous vigilance or observation.
From Latin 'evigilatio,' derived from 'evigilare' (to watch constantly), composed of 'e-' (intensely) and 'vigilare' (to watch or keep awake), from 'vigil' (awake). This is a very rare, archaic term rarely used in modern English.
This word is so obscure that it's practically extinct in English, yet its Latin root 'vigil' survived to give us vigilante, surveillance, and vigil—the concept of watchfulness evolved but the original term got left behind.
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