deliberately left out or prevented from participating
from Latin excludere meaning to shut out
Being excluded is like being left off the party guest list - nobody likes that feeling!
Historical exclusion of women from professions, institutions, and legal rights was systemic; passive 'excluded' language can obscure active institutional gatekeeping that maintained male dominance.
When possible, name who/what excluded: 'barred by law', 'denied membership by statute', 'institutional policy excluded'; clarify agent of exclusion.
Women fought for inclusion in medicine, law, politics through organized resistance; credit the agency of excluded groups who demanded change.
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