Leaving something or someone out; not including something as part of a group or calculation.
From Latin 'excludere' (to shut out), combining 'ex-' (out) and 'claudere' (to close). The word entered English in the 14th century with both literal and figurative meanings.
The word 'excluding' is mathematically precise—when you say 'everyone excluding Tom,' you've created a specific set, which is why accountants and scientists love it for being unambiguous about boundaries.
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