To officially send a person who is accused or convicted of a crime to another country or state where they will be tried or punished.
From Latin 'ex-' (out) and Medieval Latin 'traditio' (handing over), literally meaning 'to hand out'; developed as a legal term in the 18th century.
Extradition treaties are so new in global history—most weren't standardized until the 1800s—and they reveal fascinating power dynamics: countries can refuse to extradite their own citizens, which has sheltered everyone from fugitive spies to rock star drug dealers.
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