The nominal or dollar value printed on a financial instrument, such as the amount a bond issuer promises to repay at maturity or the denomination printed on currency. It differs from market value, which fluctuates based on supply and demand.
From Old French 'face' (surface, appearance) and 'value' (worth). The term evolved from physical currency where the value was literally printed on the 'face' of coins and bills, extending to securities in the 19th century as paper instruments became common.
Face value is like the price tag on a gift card - a $100 Starbucks card has $100 face value regardless of whether you bought it on sale for $85 or paid a premium of $110 on eBay. Similarly, a bond's face value tells you what you'll get at maturity, not what it's worth today!
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