Able to be broken down into factors; describing a number or mathematical expression that can be separated into smaller parts that multiply together.
From 'factor' (a number that divides another evenly) plus '-able' (capable of being). Standard mathematical terminology formed in English following 'factor' + '-able' pattern.
The number 24 is beautifully factorable (2×12, 3×8, 4×6), while prime numbers are stubbornly not—and this simple distinction became the foundation for internet security and all modern encryption.
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