The belief that all events are already decided by fate or destiny and that humans have no power to change what will happen.
From 'fatal' (related to fate) combined with the philosophy suffix '-ism'. The term comes from Latin 'fatalis' meaning destined by fate, and became a formal philosophical doctrine in the 16th-17th centuries.
Fatalism is philosophically wild because it creates a paradox: if everything is fated, are your beliefs about fatalism also fated? And if so, does it matter that you believe it? The philosophy basically argues itself into a logical corner.
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