Islamic jurisprudence; the body of Islamic law and legal reasoning based on the Quran and Sunnah.
From Arabic 'fiqh' (understanding, jurisprudence). Islamic legal science developed from the 7th century onward.
Fiqh scholars are like medieval lawyers mixed with philosophers—they spend lifetimes reasoning through Quranic principles to solve modern problems, creating one of history's most sophisticated legal traditions.
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