The quality or state of being fruitful; productivity or success in producing good results.
From 'fruitful' plus '-ness' (forming abstract nouns), with archaic '-ll-' doubling. The '-ness' suffix is Old English, creating nominalizations of adjectives, and the doubled 'l' reflects historical spelling conventions.
Medieval monks kept detailed records of their orchards' 'fruitfullness,' viewing it as both an economic measure and a sign of God's blessing. The combination of careful observation and spiritual belief shows how language reflects what matters to a culture.
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