Past tense of fuel; provided with fuel or energy, or stimulated or intensified something (British spelling).
From Old French 'fouaille' meaning firewood, ultimately from Latin 'focus' meaning hearth or fireplace. The metaphorical sense of providing energy or stimulus developed in the 19th century.
The British spelling 'fuelled' with double 'l' reflects the standard British rule of doubling consonants when adding suffixes, while American English uses 'fueled' with one 'l'. This distinction is part of broader spelling reforms implemented by Noah Webster in the early 1800s to simplify American English.
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