A specialist or expert in geodesy; a scientist who measures, maps, and determines the shape and positions on the earth.
From geodesy + -ist (Latin/Greek -ista, 'one who practices'). The -ist suffix denotes professional expertise in a field.
A geodesist in 1800s might have spent months camping in remote mountains with theodolites and chains, doing work that now takes drones an afternoon—but they were just as essential to mapping the world.
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