The scientific knowledge of Earth's composition, structure, and the nature of rocks and minerals that comprise the planet.
From Greek 'geo-' (earth) and 'gnosis' (knowledge or understanding). Used primarily in 18th and 19th century scientific literature before 'geology' became the standard term.
Geognosis was the historical term before 'geology' won out—it's a reminder that the study of rocks used to literally mean 'understanding Earth,' connecting science to philosophy.
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