The study of water in Earth's crust, including how it moves through soil and rock layers and interacts with geological materials.
From geo- (Earth) + hydrology (water study). This compound term emerged in the 20th century as groundwater became increasingly important for agriculture, industry, and environmental management.
Geohydrology became a critical field during the 1970s water crisis—scientists realized that surface water was visible and manageable, but 97% of Earth's fresh water is underground, making geohydrologists essential to understanding whether we have enough water for future generations.
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