The scientific study of Earth's physical landscape, including how landforms like mountains, valleys, and coasts are created and change over time.
From geo- 'Earth' plus morpho- 'form' (Greek morphe) plus -logy 'study of' (Greek logos). Established as a formal discipline in the late 1800s, combining geology with physical geography.
Geomorphology reveals that Earth's surface is not stable but constantly being sculpted by water, wind, ice, and gravity on timescales we can barely comprehend—a single raindrop begins a journey that might take a million years to reach the sea and shape mountains along the way.
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