The observation and study of Earth's structure and features, especially through direct examination.
From 'geo-' (earth) plus Greek '-scopia' (viewing or observation), historically used before 'geology' and 'geoscience' became standard terminology.
Geoscopy is an almost-forgotten term that shows how early natural historians thought of Earth study as primarily about 'looking'—before instruments let them peer inside the planet and understand invisible processes.
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