The process by which a seed begins to sprout and develop into a new plant, typically triggered by favorable conditions of moisture, temperature, and oxygen. Germination involves the emergence of the radicle (root) followed by the shoot from the seed.
From Latin 'germinare' meaning 'to sprout' or 'to bud,' derived from 'germen' meaning 'seed' or 'bud.' The term has been used in botanical contexts since the 16th century, evolving from simple observation to detailed understanding of the biochemical processes involved.
Germination is essentially a race against time! Seeds must quickly establish their root system and begin photosynthesis before their stored energy runs out, which is why the radicle always emerges first - no roots, no water, no survival.
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