An archaic third-person singular form of 'give' (he/she/it gives), used in older English texts and the King James Bible.
From Old English 'gifan' with the archaic suffix '-eth,' which marked third-person singular present tense. This grammatical form was standard until around the 1600s-1700s when '-s' (gives) took over.
The '-eth' ending sounds biblical and poetic, but it was just normal grammar in Shakespeare's time! We still feel its 'authority' because we associate it with scripture, showing how language register can make us perceive age differently than reality.
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