In a reluctant, unwilling, or resentful manner; done while showing resistance or ill-will.
From the adjective 'grudging' plus the adverbial suffix '-ly', which converts adjectives into adverbs describing how an action is performed.
Adverbs ending in '-ly' are linguistic Swiss Army knives—they transform attitudes into actions, letting us show through our behavior exactly what we feel, like when someone 'grudgingly' agrees but with their whole body language screaming 'no!'
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