A person who studies or theorizes about heresies and their nature, causes, and effects.
From Greek hairesis (heresy) + -logia (study of) + -er (one who). A variant and earlier form of heresiologist, combining the study-focused suffix -logia with the agent noun ending.
Heresiologers approached heresies almost like proto-scientists, analyzing patterns in religious dissent to understand what made certain ideas appeal to people and spread despite official condemnation.
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