Kant's second formulation of the categorical imperative, requiring that we treat humanity, whether in ourselves or others, always as an end and never merely as a means. It emphasizes the inherent dignity and worth of rational beings.
From Latin 'humanitas' (human nature) and 'formula'. Kant formulated this in his 'Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals' (1785), building on Enlightenment ideas about human dignity and the special status of rational beings.
This formula explains why we feel uncomfortable with manipulation, even 'harmless' lies: treating someone as merely a tool for our purposes violates their fundamental dignity as a thinking, choosing being. It's the philosophical foundation for human rights!
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