Things that are included within something else, or the act of including them. In geology, foreign materials trapped within crystals or rocks during formation.
From Latin 'inclusio' meaning 'a shutting up, confinement,' from 'includere' (to shut in, enclose). The word combines 'in-' (in) with 'claudere' (to close), evolving to mean things contained within boundaries or limits.
Inclusions in gemstones often decrease their monetary value but increase their scientific worth - these trapped materials can preserve ancient environments and reveal the conditions under which crystals formed millions of years ago. It's a perfect metaphor for how flaws can be treasures in disguise.
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