The process of combining parts so they work together as a whole. In math, it is the process of finding an integral.
From Latin 'integratio' meaning 'renewal, restoration', from 'integrare' (to make whole). It entered English with both general and mathematical uses.
Integration is the opposite of fragmentation: it turns scattered pieces into a functioning system. In calculus, it literally ‘adds up’ infinitely many tiny changes into one big result—that’s a powerful metaphor for learning and habit-building too.
Historically, 'integration' is most associated with racial desegregation, but gender integration of workplaces, schools, and the military followed similar patterns of exclusion and resistance. Language around integration has sometimes framed women’s entry as disruptive or exceptional, reinforcing male default norms.
When using 'integration' about people, be explicit about which axis (gender, race, etc.) and avoid implying that previously excluded groups are 'add-ons' to a pre-existing norm.
Highlight women’s and gender-diverse people’s organizing and legal challenges that led to integration in education, professions, and public life, rather than presenting integration as a top-down benevolent act.
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