The ability to learn, understand, and solve problems. It can also mean secret information collected about an enemy or competitor.
From Latin 'intelligentia' meaning 'understanding, knowledge', from 'intelligere' (to understand), from 'inter-' (between) + 'legere' (to choose, read). The spying sense came from the idea of carefully gathered, understood information.
The root of ‘intelligence’ is about choosing between options and reading situations well, not just test scores. That’s why we now talk about emotional, social, and practical intelligences—not just one single ‘smartness.’
Measures of 'intelligence' (like early IQ tests) were developed and interpreted within male-dominated institutions and often used to justify gender and racial hierarchies. Stereotypes about men being more 'intelligent' in certain domains (math, logic) and women in others (emotional, social) have shaped educational and professional access.
Use 'intelligence' with awareness of test and measurement bias; avoid generalizing about intelligence by gender and distinguish between different abilities and opportunities.
When discussing intelligence research, acknowledge women and gender-diverse psychologists, educators, and scientists whose work challenged biased theories and expanded understandings of intelligence.
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