An official document or permission that allows you to do or own something, such as drive a car or run a business. It can also mean freedom to behave in a way that is usually not allowed.
From Latin *licentia* meaning “freedom, permission,” from *licere* (to be allowed). It entered English through Old French *licence*.
The UK spelling ‘licence’ (noun) vs. ‘license’ (verb) hides a grammar lesson in its letters. Both come from a root meaning ‘freedom’—a licence is controlled freedom, not total freedom.
Access to various licences (to practice professions, to drive, to own businesses) has historically been restricted by gender in many jurisdictions. Women often needed male permission or were barred outright from licensed roles.
When discussing licensing, note where possible how requirements have excluded or now include people of different genders, and avoid assuming historical neutrality.
Women’s rights advocates fought for equal access to professional and driving licences, which expanded economic independence and mobility.
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