Going through the monthly biological process where the uterus sheds its lining, resulting in bleeding that typically lasts several days.
From Latin 'mensis' (month) because the cycle repeats monthly. The word entered English through medical Latin in the 16th century, though discussions of this natural bodily function were often considered taboo for centuries.
The word 'menstruation' literally means 'monthly' in Latin—about 400 million people are menstruating on any given day worldwide! Despite being a completely normal biological process, many cultures created unnecessary stigma around it, though that's changing as more people talk openly about it.
Menstruation has been medicalized, stigmatized, and used to argue women's unsuitability for leadership/work. Scientific terminology was subordinated to shame-based language in social contexts.
Use 'menstruating' clinically and matter-of-factly when relevant; avoid euphemisms that reinforce shame ('that time of month', 'being on the rag'). Treat as biological fact, not taboo.
Menstruation research was historically neglected and controlled by male physicians; modern period science is reclaimed by women researchers and menstruating people asserting bodily autonomy and knowledge.
Complete word intelligence in one call. Free tier — 50 lookups/day.