Specific details or individual items of information about something.
From Latin 'particularis' meaning 'relating to a part' (from 'particula' meaning 'small part'). The word evolved from philosophical discussions about universal versus particular truths to mean specific, detailed information.
The word embodies the tension between the general and the specific - while we think in broad categories, life happens in particulars. Every grand theory must ultimately account for the messy, specific details of actual experience.
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