A tree that has been cut back to the trunk to promote new growth, or a hornless animal.
From Middle English, related to 'poll' meaning head or top. Originally referred to animals with their horns removed or heads cropped, later extended to trees subjected to similar cutting.
Pollarding is an ancient tree management technique that can extend a tree's life for centuries - some pollarded oaks in Europe are over 1,000 years old, their gnarled trunks telling stories of generations of careful human stewardship.
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