Mainly or for the most part; in a way that is most noticeable or prominent.
From Latin 'praedominari' meaning to rule over, from 'prae' (before) and 'dominari' (to rule). The word entered English in the 17th century through French.
This word captures the beautiful imperfection of real-world categories - nothing is ever completely one thing, so we need words like 'predominantly' to describe the messy reality of partial dominance. It's the linguistic equivalent of acknowledging that most truths are shades of gray.
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