The constitutional requirement that government can only take private property through eminent domain if it will be used for legitimate public purposes, such as roads, schools, or utilities. Modern interpretation has expanded to include economic development that benefits the general public.
From Latin 'publicus' (of the people) and 'usus' (use, employment). The concept evolved from English common law limiting royal property seizures to genuine public necessities. American interpretation has broadened over time from literal public access to broader public benefit.
The 2005 Kelo v. New London decision sparked nationwide outrage by allowing government to take homes for private economic development, ruling that increased tax revenue and jobs constituted 'public use.' This expansion of eminent domain beyond traditional uses like highways led to a backlash, with most states passing laws to restrict takings for private development. The case illustrates how constitutional language adapts to changing economic theories while raising fundamental questions about property rights versus community development.
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