Inflammation of the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. Can cause vision problems, blind spots, or complete vision loss if severe.
From Latin 'retina' (net-like membrane) and Greek '-itis' (inflammation). The term emerged in the 18th century as ophthalmoscopy allowed doctors to actually see and study retinal diseases for the first time.
Retinitis pigmentosa, a hereditary form, creates a distinctive 'tunnel vision' effect because it destroys peripheral vision first, leaving only central vision intact. This condition helped scientists understand how different parts of the retina process different aspects of vision, revolutionizing our knowledge of sight.
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