A penalty in football for making unnecessary or excessive contact with a protected player, most commonly 'roughing the passer' or 'roughing the kicker.' The penalty typically results in 15 yards and an automatic first down.
From 'rough' meaning harsh or violent treatment, with the '-ing' suffix indicating the action. The term evolved as football developed rules to protect vulnerable players from unnecessary hits.
Roughing penalties have become increasingly controversial as the NFL emphasizes player safety, especially for quarterbacks - what was once considered a good hit 30 years ago might now draw a flag and fine! The 'Brady Rule' and similar protections show how star players can literally change the rulebook and the meaning of 'roughing.'
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