Artists who create three-dimensional artwork by carving, molding, or casting materials like stone, clay, or metal.
From Latin 'sculptor' (carver), from 'sculpere' (to carve). The word evolved to include not just carvers but anyone who creates sculpture in any medium.
Sculptors had to understand engineering, physics, and geology just to keep their stones from cracking—Michelangelo reportedly spent weeks just studying marble deposits to find the perfect block, which is why Renaissance sculptors were basically engineers with artistic vision.
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