The capacity of soil to provide nutrients to plants.
Agricultural science historically used 'fertility' language that feminized soil/nature as passive resources to be managed by male scientists and farmers; obscured women's knowledge of soil management, composting, and agroecological practices.
Use 'soil fertility' technically but acknowledge women's practical expertise in soil health management, organic matter cycling, and intercropping systems that maintain fertility.
["soil health","nutrient cycling capacity","soil biological activity"]
Women smallholders pioneered and maintain much indigenous knowledge of soil conservation, green manuring, and polyculture fertility management; this expertise is often appropriated without attribution.
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