The process of dividing a population into distinct layers or subgroups based on shared characteristics, often used in sampling methods to ensure representative data collection. It can also refer to the arrangement of elements in hierarchical levels.
From Latin 'stratum' (layer, bed) plus suffix '-fication' (making). Originally a geological term for rock layers, it was adopted by sociology in the 19th century and later by statistics and research methodology.
Stratification in research is like creating a perfectly representative sandwich - you carefully layer your sample to match the proportions of different groups in the population, ensuring no important voice gets accidentally left out!
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